{"id":1831,"date":"2015-12-21T17:10:04","date_gmt":"2015-12-22T01:10:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogschapman.wpenginepowered.com\/collections\/2015\/12\/21\/the-art-of-veneration\/"},"modified":"2026-07-20T06:13:18","modified_gmt":"2026-07-20T06:13:18","slug":"the-art-of-veneration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/2015\/12\/21\/the-art-of-veneration\/","title":{"rendered":"The Art of Veneration"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_1843\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1843\" style=\"width: 538px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.18.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1843\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.18.jpg\" alt=\"Mother of God &quot;Banish My Sorrows&quot;\" width=\"538\" height=\"639\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1843\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist Unknown,\u00a0<br \/>Mother of God &#8220;Banish My Sorrows,&#8221;\u00a0<br \/>Russia,\u00a0<br \/>Tempera and gold leaf on panel, 19th century, Gift of Evelyn LeLanne<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Function<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In recognition of Christmas, we&#8217;re posting a selection of Russian icons from our collection. Icons play an important role in the Orthodox Christian faith, serving as manifestation of the divine world in our human one. Icons are displayed in both churches and private homes, and are even made in miniature forms for travel. While made to be beautiful and inspiring, the aesthetic value of icons is far secondary to their religious function, which is to create a place of worship and foster spiritual thought and experience.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1847\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1847\" style=\"width: 307px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.381.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1847\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.381.jpg\" alt=\"&quot;Holy Martyr St. Trifon Russian&quot;\" width=\"307\" height=\"392\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.381.jpg 1821w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.381-235x300.jpg 235w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.381-802x1024.jpg 802w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.381-768x981.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.381-1203x1536.jpg 1203w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.381-1603x2048.jpg 1603w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 307px) 100vw, 307px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1847\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist Unknown,\u00a0<br \/>Holy Martyr St. Trifon,\u00a0<br \/>Russian,\u00a0<br \/>Tempera and gold leaf on panel, c. 1700,\u00a0<br \/>Gift of Evelyn LaLanne<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1848\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1848\" style=\"width: 320px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.34.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1848\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1848\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.34.jpg\" alt=\"&quot;Three Saints&quot;\" width=\"320\" height=\"405\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.34.jpg 1521w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.34-237x300.jpg 237w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.34-810x1024.jpg 810w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.34-768x971.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.34-1214x1536.jpg 1214w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 320px) 100vw, 320px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1848\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist Unknown,\u00a0<br \/>Three Saints,\u00a0<br \/>Russian,\u00a0<br \/>Tempera on panel with silver cover, date unknown,\u00a0<br \/>Gift of Evelyn LaLanne<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Technique<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Icons can take a variety of forms- they can be carved, embroidered, sculpted, or painted directly to a church wall. However, the most familiar form is tempera paint on wood panel. The panels are created from multiple boards of wood held together with additional struts on the back side. This is because a\u00a0wood\u00a0panel will warp over time. Paint cannot be applied directly to the surface of the wood because wood is so absorbent, so a mixture of chalk and glue called gesso is layered to create a hard and smooth surface. Tempera, which is made by mixing egg yolk and pigments, is then painted on in stages because of how quickly it dries. Finally, the whole painting is covered in a protective varnish made of resin. Often times, the icon is\u00a0also adorned with an ornate metal cover.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1840\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1840\" style=\"width: 224px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.32.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1840\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.32.jpg\" alt=\"St. Mitrofan, Bishop of Voronezh\" width=\"224\" height=\"293\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.32.jpg 1722w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.32-229x300.jpg 229w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.32-780x1024.jpg 780w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.32-768x1008.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.32-1170x1536.jpg 1170w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.32-1560x2048.jpg 1560w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 224px) 100vw, 224px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1840\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist Unknown,\u00a0<br \/>St. Mitrofan, Bishop of Voronezh,\u00a0<br \/>Russian,\u00a0<br \/>Painted Enamel, 1832,\u00a0<br \/>Gift of Evelyn LaLanne,\u00a0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1834\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1834\" style=\"width: 224px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.45.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1834\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1834\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.45.jpg\" alt=\"St. Elijah (Ilya)\" width=\"224\" height=\"305\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.45.jpg 1551w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.45-220x300.jpg 220w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.45-751x1024.jpg 751w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.45-768x1048.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.45-1126x1536.jpg 1126w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.45-1501x2048.jpg 1501w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 224px) 100vw, 224px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1834\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist unknown,\u00a0<br \/>St. Elijah (Ilya),\u00a0<br \/>Russian,\u00a0<br \/>Oil on wood, c. 1850,\u00a0<br \/>Gift of Evelyn LaLanne<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1832\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1832\" style=\"width: 227px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1832\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.1.jpg\" alt=\"St. Nicholas the Miracle Worker\" width=\"227\" height=\"283\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.1.jpg 1908w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.1-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.1-820x1024.jpg 820w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.1-768x959.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.1-1230x1536.jpg 1230w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.1-1640x2048.jpg 1640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 227px) 100vw, 227px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1832\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist Unknown,\u00a0<br \/>St. Nicholas the Miracle Worker,\u00a0<br \/>Russian,\u00a0<br \/>Tempera on panel, 16th century,\u00a0<br \/>Gift of Evelyn LaLanne<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Images of the Saints<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Russian Orthodox Church inherited many of its saints from Byzantium, when the Kievan state converted to Christianity in 988. Thus, St. George became the patron saint of Moscow, St. Paraskeva presided over trade and women\u2019s affairs, and St. Nicholas (\u201cNikola\u201d) became a universal protector of the Russian people. Over time, Russian Orthodoxy acquired its own saints, such as Leontii of Rostov and Mitrofan of Voronezh.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1842\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1842\" style=\"width: 213px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.30.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1842\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1842\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.30.jpg\" alt=\"Kazan Mother of God\" width=\"213\" height=\"268\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.30.jpg 1590w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.30-239x300.jpg 239w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.30-816x1024.jpg 816w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.30-768x964.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.30-1224x1536.jpg 1224w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 213px) 100vw, 213px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1842\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist unknown,\u00a0<br \/>Kazan Mother of God,\u00a0<br \/>Russian,\u00a0<br \/>Tempera on panel with silver and freshwater pearls covering, late 19th century,\u00a0<br \/>Gift of Evelyn LaLanne<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1837\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1837\" style=\"width: 205px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.40.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1837\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1837\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.40.jpg\" alt=\"Vladimir Mother of God\" width=\"205\" height=\"258\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.40.jpg 1590w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.40-238x300.jpg 238w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.40-813x1024.jpg 813w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.40-768x967.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.40-1220x1536.jpg 1220w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 205px) 100vw, 205px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1837\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist unknown,\u00a0<br \/>Vladimir Mother of God,\u00a0<br \/>Russian,\u00a0<br \/>Tempera on panel with bronze covering, late 19th century,\u00a0<br \/>Gift of Evelyn LaLanne<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1839\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1839\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.36.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1839\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.36.jpg\" alt=\"Mother of God &quot;The Burning Bush&quot;\" width=\"225\" height=\"289\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.36.jpg 1665w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.36-233x300.jpg 233w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.36-797x1024.jpg 797w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.36-768x987.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.36-1195x1536.jpg 1195w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.36-1593x2048.jpg 1593w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1839\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist unknown,\u00a0<br \/>Mother of God &#8220;The Burning Bush&#8221;,\u00a0<br \/>Russian,\u00a0<br \/>Tempera on panel, late 19th century,\u00a0<br \/>Gift of Evelyn LaLanne<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Images of the Mother of God<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Virgin Mary (or Mother of God, as she is referred to in Orthodoxy) is a common subject of Russian icons, with some 300 distinct types of her image in existence. The most revered in Russia were the Kazan, Vladimir, and Smolensk Mother of God, each derived from an original icon that was associated with a particular city and believed to be miracle-working. Different icons depicting the Mother of God can be identified by the pose of Mary and infant Jesus and by such nuances as the tilt of the head or the position of the child\u2019s feet. The intercessory role of Mary in the lives of the faithful was integral to her icons. The \u201cBurning Bush\u201d Mother of God was believed to guard against fires, while the Mother of God \u201cJoy to Those Who Grieve\u201d comforted the poor and dispossessed.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1844\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1844\" style=\"width: 580px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.14.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1844\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.14.jpg\" alt=\"Christ Not Made by Hands\" width=\"580\" height=\"668\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.14.jpg 2184w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.14-261x300.jpg 261w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.14-890x1024.jpg 890w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.14-768x884.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.14-1334x1536.jpg 1334w, https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2015\/12\/2000.2.14-1779x2048.jpg 1779w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1844\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist unknown,\u00a0<br \/>Christ Not Made by Hands,\u00a0<br \/>Russian,\u00a0<br \/>Tempera on panel, c. 1700,\u00a0<br \/>Gift of Evelyn LaLanne<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Images of Christ<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Images of Christ lie at the heart of icon veneration, as the visible manifestation of his human nature. Icons of Christ Pantocrator (\u201cChrist All-powerful\u201d) and the Savior Not Made by Hands are among the most frequently encountered. The festival icons that represent the 12 major episodes of Jesus\u2019s life occupy the central row in the sanctuary screen (iconostasis) of every Orthodox church, while the Deisis (Christ flanked by Mary and John the Baptist) marks the focal point of the worshipper\u2019s prayers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Icons from the Russian Orhthodox Tradition<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1240,"featured_media":1844,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"custom_author_name":"","chapman_pin_hero_slider":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[30,217,219,139,161,199,200,162,152,397,398,31,184,163,399,400,401,402,403,404,405,406],"class_list":["post-1831","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-escalette-permanent-collection-of-art","tag-art","tag-art-discussion","tag-art-explanation","tag-art-history","tag-chapman-art","tag-chapman-u","tag-chapman-university","tag-chapman-university-campus-collection","tag-chapman-university-collections","tag-christian-art","tag-christian-orthodox-art","tag-escalette-collection","tag-escalette-collection-of-art","tag-escallette-permanent-collection-of-art","tag-icon","tag-iconography","tag-icons","tag-orthodxy","tag-religious-art","tag-russian-icon","tag-russian-icons","tag-russian-orthodox-art"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Escalette Permanent Collection of Art at Chapman University | Chapman Blogs<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/2015\/12\/21\/the-art-of-veneration\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Art of Veneration - Escalette Permanent Collection of Art at Chapman University\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Icons from the Russian Orhthodox Tradition\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/collections\/2015\/12\/21\/the-art-of-veneration\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Escalette Permanent Collection of Art at Chapman University\" 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