{"id":489,"date":"2021-05-11T18:08:52","date_gmt":"2021-05-11T18:08:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogschapman.wpenginepowered.com\/gci\/2021\/05\/11\/reinventing-the-toilet\/"},"modified":"2026-07-20T06:02:38","modified_gmt":"2026-07-20T06:02:38","slug":"reinventing-the-toilet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/2021\/05\/11\/reinventing-the-toilet\/","title":{"rendered":"Reinventing the Toilet"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Our grand challenge is to reinvent the toilet. Contemporary flushing toilets waste an immense amount of water and also spread aerosols carrying viruses and bacteria when flushed. Through our research we discovered that vacuum toilets use roughly one-twelfth of the water per flush and also produce significantly fewer aerosols. We conducted a survey of Chapman students and found that the general knowledge level surrounding vacuum toilets was low. This led us to create a website and brochure to expand the knowledge level of the public.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/70\/2021\/05\/30.Poster.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-596\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/70\/2021\/05\/30.Poster.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"160\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/70\/2021\/05\/30.Poster.pdf\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-595\"> Reinventing the Toilet Poster<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vacuumtoilet.wixsite.com\/vacuumtoilet\">Vacuum Toilet Website<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ian Hakeman, James Hazen, Jose Arellano<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4165,"featured_media":649,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"custom_author_name":"Grand Challenges Initiative","chapman_pin_hero_slider":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[8,3,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-489","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environment-and-sustainability","category-grand-challenges-initiative","category-student-presentations"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Grand Challenges Initiative | Chapman Blogs<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/2021\/05\/11\/reinventing-the-toilet\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Reinventing the Toilet - Grand Challenges Initiative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ian Hakeman, James Hazen, Jose Arellano\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/2021\/05\/11\/reinventing-the-toilet\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Grand Challenges Initiative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-05-11T18:08:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-07-20T06:02:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/70\/2021\/05\/30.Cover_-1.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"729\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"410\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"SCSTU09 Leia Reddy\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"SCSTU09 Leia Reddy\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/gci\\\/2021\\\/05\\\/11\\\/reinventing-the-toilet\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/gci\\\/2021\\\/05\\\/11\\\/reinventing-the-toilet\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"SCSTU09 Leia Reddy\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/gci\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8cafe192b9e452536d7e5245951063cc\"},\"headline\":\"Reinventing the Toilet\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-05-11T18:08:52+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-07-20T06:02:38+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/gci\\\/2021\\\/05\\\/11\\\/reinventing-the-toilet\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":95,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/gci\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/gci\\\/2021\\\/05\\\/11\\\/reinventing-the-toilet\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/gci\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/70\\\/2021\\\/05\\\/30.Cover_-1.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"Environment and Sustainability\",\"Grand Challenges Initiative\",\"Student presentations\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/gci\\\/2021\\\/05\\\/11\\\/reinventing-the-toilet\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/gci\\\/2021\\\/05\\\/11\\\/reinventing-the-toilet\\\/\",\"name\":\"Reinventing the Toilet - Grand Challenges Initiative\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/gci\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/gci\\\/2021\\\/05\\\/11\\\/reinventing-the-toilet\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/gci\\\/2021\\\/05\\\/11\\\/reinventing-the-toilet\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/gci\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/70\\\/2021\\\/05\\\/30.Cover_-1.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-05-11T18:08:52+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-07-20T06:02:38+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/gci\\\/2021\\\/05\\\/11\\\/reinventing-the-toilet\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/gci\\\/2021\\\/05\\\/11\\\/reinventing-the-toilet\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/gci\\\/2021\\\/05\\\/11\\\/reinventing-the-toilet\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/gci\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/70\\\/2021\\\/05\\\/30.Cover_-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/gci\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/70\\\/2021\\\/05\\\/30.Cover_-1.png\",\"width\":729,\"height\":410},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/gci\\\/2021\\\/05\\\/11\\\/reinventing-the-toilet\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/gci\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Reinventing the Toilet\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/gci\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/gci\\\/\",\"name\":\"Grand Challenges Initiative\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/gci\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/gci\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/gci\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Grand Challenges Initiative\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/gci\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/gci\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/gci\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/70\\\/2026\\\/03\\\/MasterBrand_000-scaled-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/gci\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/70\\\/2026\\\/03\\\/MasterBrand_000-scaled-1.png\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":435,\"caption\":\"Grand Challenges Initiative\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/gci\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/gci\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8cafe192b9e452536d7e5245951063cc\",\"name\":\"SCSTU09 Leia Reddy\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/85195380d419bca9ed9eb39ce664c6623db4923c719e8eafa400f416cfa6c1ed?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/85195380d419bca9ed9eb39ce664c6623db4923c719e8eafa400f416cfa6c1ed?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/85195380d419bca9ed9eb39ce664c6623db4923c719e8eafa400f416cfa6c1ed?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"SCSTU09 Leia Reddy\"},\"url\":\"\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Grand Challenges Initiative | Chapman Blogs","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/2021\/05\/11\/reinventing-the-toilet\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Reinventing the Toilet - Grand Challenges Initiative","og_description":"Ian Hakeman, James Hazen, Jose Arellano","og_url":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/2021\/05\/11\/reinventing-the-toilet\/","og_site_name":"Grand Challenges Initiative","article_published_time":"2021-05-11T18:08:52+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-07-20T06:02:38+00:00","og_image":[{"width":729,"height":410,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/70\/2021\/05\/30.Cover_-1.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"SCSTU09 Leia Reddy","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"SCSTU09 Leia Reddy"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/2021\/05\/11\/reinventing-the-toilet\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/2021\/05\/11\/reinventing-the-toilet\/"},"author":{"name":"SCSTU09 Leia Reddy","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/#\/schema\/person\/8cafe192b9e452536d7e5245951063cc"},"headline":"Reinventing the Toilet","datePublished":"2021-05-11T18:08:52+00:00","dateModified":"2026-07-20T06:02:38+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/2021\/05\/11\/reinventing-the-toilet\/"},"wordCount":95,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/2021\/05\/11\/reinventing-the-toilet\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/70\/2021\/05\/30.Cover_-1.png","articleSection":["Environment and Sustainability","Grand Challenges Initiative","Student presentations"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/2021\/05\/11\/reinventing-the-toilet\/","url":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/2021\/05\/11\/reinventing-the-toilet\/","name":"Reinventing the Toilet - Grand Challenges Initiative","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/2021\/05\/11\/reinventing-the-toilet\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/2021\/05\/11\/reinventing-the-toilet\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/70\/2021\/05\/30.Cover_-1.png","datePublished":"2021-05-11T18:08:52+00:00","dateModified":"2026-07-20T06:02:38+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/2021\/05\/11\/reinventing-the-toilet\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/2021\/05\/11\/reinventing-the-toilet\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/2021\/05\/11\/reinventing-the-toilet\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/70\/2021\/05\/30.Cover_-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/70\/2021\/05\/30.Cover_-1.png","width":729,"height":410},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/2021\/05\/11\/reinventing-the-toilet\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Reinventing the Toilet"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/#website","url":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/","name":"Grand Challenges Initiative","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/#organization","name":"Grand Challenges Initiative","url":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/70\/2026\/03\/MasterBrand_000-scaled-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/70\/2026\/03\/MasterBrand_000-scaled-1.png","width":2560,"height":435,"caption":"Grand Challenges Initiative"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/#\/schema\/person\/8cafe192b9e452536d7e5245951063cc","name":"SCSTU09 Leia Reddy","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/85195380d419bca9ed9eb39ce664c6623db4923c719e8eafa400f416cfa6c1ed?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/85195380d419bca9ed9eb39ce664c6623db4923c719e8eafa400f416cfa6c1ed?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/85195380d419bca9ed9eb39ce664c6623db4923c719e8eafa400f416cfa6c1ed?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"SCSTU09 Leia Reddy"},"url":""}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/489","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4165"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=489"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/489\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2508,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/489\/revisions\/2508"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/649"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=489"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=489"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/gci\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=489"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}