{"id":315,"date":"2014-10-13T16:05:46","date_gmt":"2014-10-13T23:05:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogschapman.wpenginepowered.com\/holocaust-education\/2014\/10\/13\/lawyers-without-rights\/"},"modified":"2026-07-17T23:43:58","modified_gmt":"2026-07-17T23:43:58","slug":"lawyers-without-rights","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/2014\/10\/13\/lawyers-without-rights\/","title":{"rendered":"Legal Injustice: The Lawyers Without Rights Exhibit"},"content":{"rendered":"

This evening a traveling exhibit “Lawyers Without Rights:\u00a0 Jewish Lawyers in Germany Under the Third Reich,” created by the German Federal Bar, opens in Kennedy Hall at the Fowler School of Law at Chapman University. The exhibit can be viewed from October 13 – November 21 during business hours.\u00a0 If you are in the area, I encourage you to see it.<\/p>\n

\"Reichstag<\/a>

Reichstag Building on fire in February, 1933.<\/p>\n

Photo: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration<\/p>\n

(Public Domain)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

A bit of background.\u00a0 Adolf Hitler was legally appointed the chancellor of Germany on January 20, 1933.\u00a0 Within days, using the law as their weapon, the Nazis began an assault on justice.\u00a0 Those wielding the weapon were respected jurists and judges, many of whom had served in the justice system of the Weimar Republic for years.<\/p>\n

Using the Reichstag fire of February 27, 1933 and the potential for further violence as the pretext, the Nazis orchestrated the passing of the Reichstag Fire Decree abolishing most civil liberties. The
\nGesetz zur Behebung der Not von Volk und Reich<\/em>
\n(Law to Redress the Need of People and Nation), known as the Enabling Act, followed.\u00a0 It gave Hitler and his cabinet emergency powers to enact legislation for four years.\u00a0 By law, the legislative branch essentially ceded its authority to the executive branch.\u00a0 Hitler now moved to implement his objectives for what historian Doris Bergen has neatly summarized as “race and space.”<\/p>\n

Race was at the core of the Nazi agenda.\u00a0 The Nazis constructed a hierarchy of humanity with the “Aryans” at the top and the Jews, along with the Roma\/Sinti, at the bottom.\u00a0 New laws followed, often worded in deceptively positive language, such as the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service of 1933 which dismissed Jews from the civil service or the Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honor which prohibited marriage or sexual relations between “Aryans,” the only real
\nVolk<\/em>
\nor people, according to the Nazis, and Jews.<\/p>\n

Heirs to the Enlightenment, lawyers and judges jettisoned humanistic ideals of justice to conform to a Nazi ideology that robbed some of their fellow citizens, including their own colleagues, of their rights, and ultimately, of their lives.<\/p>\n

In his thought provoking memoir,
\nA Crack in the Wall:\u00a0 Growing Up Under Hitler,<\/em>
\nHorst Kr\u0171ger describes his parents’ response to the violence that occurred throughout Germany on November 9-10, 1938, the events known as
\nKristallnacht<\/em>
\n, the Night of Broken Glass.\u00a0 Kr\u0171ger writes:\u00a0 “That night my father told us that synagogues had been burned and the ‘rabble’–he said ‘rabble’ again–had looted Jewish stores and apartments.”\u00a0 (p. 36)<\/p>\n

We now know those actions were planned and orchestrated by Josef Goebbels and other Nazi officials.\u00a0 While it was the “rabble” that carried them out, the foundation for their actions had been laid long before by respected men of the law.\u00a0 It was they who robbed Jews of their citizenship and their basic human rights, leaving it to the “rabble” to set fire to and desecrate their synagogues and to loot and destroy their businesses.<\/p>\n

Who, one might ask, was the “rabble”?<\/p>\n

For more information visit
\nLawyers Without Rights<\/a>
\nand the
\nevent blog<\/a>
\nin Chapman’s Happenings.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This evening a traveling exhibit “Lawyers Without Rights:\u00a0 Jewish Lawyers in Germany Under the Third Reich,” created by the German […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":233,"featured_media":316,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"custom_author_name":"","chapman_pin_hero_slider":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[87,88,89,90,91],"class_list":["post-315","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lectures-and-events","tag-fowler-school-of-law","tag-german-federal-bar","tag-holocaust","tag-lawyers-without-rights","tag-traveling-exhibit"],"yoast_head":"\nHolocaust Education | Chapman Blogs<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/2014\/10\/13\/lawyers-without-rights\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Legal Injustice: The Lawyers Without Rights Exhibit - Holocaust Education\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This evening a traveling exhibit “Lawyers Without Rights:\u00a0 Jewish Lawyers in Germany Under the Third Reich,” created by the German […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/2014\/10\/13\/lawyers-without-rights\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Holocaust Education\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-10-13T23:05:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-07-17T23:43:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/69\/2014\/10\/Reichstag-Building-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1997\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Marilyn Harran\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Marilyn Harran\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/holocaust-education\\\/2014\\\/10\\\/13\\\/lawyers-without-rights\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/holocaust-education\\\/2014\\\/10\\\/13\\\/lawyers-without-rights\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Marilyn Harran\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/holocaust-education\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/07406475f9aea1599e5e0ed3201dab39\"},\"headline\":\"Legal Injustice: The Lawyers Without Rights Exhibit\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-10-13T23:05:46+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-07-17T23:43:58+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/holocaust-education\\\/2014\\\/10\\\/13\\\/lawyers-without-rights\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":537,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/holocaust-education\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/holocaust-education\\\/2014\\\/10\\\/13\\\/lawyers-without-rights\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/holocaust-education\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/69\\\/2014\\\/10\\\/Reichstag-Building-scaled.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Fowler School of Law\",\"German Federal Bar\",\"Holocaust\",\"Lawyers Without Rights\",\"traveling exhibit\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Lectures and Events\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/holocaust-education\\\/2014\\\/10\\\/13\\\/lawyers-without-rights\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/holocaust-education\\\/2014\\\/10\\\/13\\\/lawyers-without-rights\\\/\",\"name\":\"Legal Injustice: The Lawyers Without Rights Exhibit - Holocaust Education\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/holocaust-education\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/holocaust-education\\\/2014\\\/10\\\/13\\\/lawyers-without-rights\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/holocaust-education\\\/2014\\\/10\\\/13\\\/lawyers-without-rights\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/holocaust-education\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/69\\\/2014\\\/10\\\/Reichstag-Building-scaled.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-10-13T23:05:46+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-07-17T23:43:58+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/holocaust-education\\\/2014\\\/10\\\/13\\\/lawyers-without-rights\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/holocaust-education\\\/2014\\\/10\\\/13\\\/lawyers-without-rights\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/holocaust-education\\\/2014\\\/10\\\/13\\\/lawyers-without-rights\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/holocaust-education\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/69\\\/2014\\\/10\\\/Reichstag-Building-scaled.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/holocaust-education\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/69\\\/2014\\\/10\\\/Reichstag-Building-scaled.jpg\",\"width\":1997,\"height\":2560,\"caption\":\"Reichstag Building on fire\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/holocaust-education\\\/2014\\\/10\\\/13\\\/lawyers-without-rights\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/holocaust-education\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Legal Injustice: The Lawyers Without Rights Exhibit\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/holocaust-education\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/holocaust-education\\\/\",\"name\":\"Holocaust Education\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/holocaust-education\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/holocaust-education\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/holocaust-education\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Holocaust Education\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/holocaust-education\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/holocaust-education\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/holocaust-education\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/69\\\/2026\\\/03\\\/MasterBrand_000-scaled-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/holocaust-education\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/69\\\/2026\\\/03\\\/MasterBrand_000-scaled-1.png\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":435,\"caption\":\"Holocaust Education\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/holocaust-education\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/holocaust-education\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/07406475f9aea1599e5e0ed3201dab39\",\"name\":\"Marilyn Harran\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/84cd87c94424fa1869a7ed84ed02dd813837fb21516208154c90a03345cffd39?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/84cd87c94424fa1869a7ed84ed02dd813837fb21516208154c90a03345cffd39?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/84cd87c94424fa1869a7ed84ed02dd813837fb21516208154c90a03345cffd39?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Marilyn Harran\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.chapman.edu\\\/holocaust-education\\\/author\\\/harran\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Holocaust Education | Chapman Blogs","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/2014\/10\/13\/lawyers-without-rights\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Legal Injustice: The Lawyers Without Rights Exhibit - Holocaust Education","og_description":"This evening a traveling exhibit “Lawyers Without Rights:\u00a0 Jewish Lawyers in Germany Under the Third Reich,” created by the German […]","og_url":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/2014\/10\/13\/lawyers-without-rights\/","og_site_name":"Holocaust Education","article_published_time":"2014-10-13T23:05:46+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-07-17T23:43:58+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1997,"height":2560,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/69\/2014\/10\/Reichstag-Building-scaled.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Marilyn Harran","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Marilyn Harran","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/2014\/10\/13\/lawyers-without-rights\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/2014\/10\/13\/lawyers-without-rights\/"},"author":{"name":"Marilyn Harran","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/#\/schema\/person\/07406475f9aea1599e5e0ed3201dab39"},"headline":"Legal Injustice: The Lawyers Without Rights Exhibit","datePublished":"2014-10-13T23:05:46+00:00","dateModified":"2026-07-17T23:43:58+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/2014\/10\/13\/lawyers-without-rights\/"},"wordCount":537,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/2014\/10\/13\/lawyers-without-rights\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/69\/2014\/10\/Reichstag-Building-scaled.jpg","keywords":["Fowler School of Law","German Federal Bar","Holocaust","Lawyers Without Rights","traveling exhibit"],"articleSection":["Lectures and Events"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/2014\/10\/13\/lawyers-without-rights\/","url":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/2014\/10\/13\/lawyers-without-rights\/","name":"Legal Injustice: The Lawyers Without Rights Exhibit - Holocaust Education","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/2014\/10\/13\/lawyers-without-rights\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/2014\/10\/13\/lawyers-without-rights\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/69\/2014\/10\/Reichstag-Building-scaled.jpg","datePublished":"2014-10-13T23:05:46+00:00","dateModified":"2026-07-17T23:43:58+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/2014\/10\/13\/lawyers-without-rights\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/2014\/10\/13\/lawyers-without-rights\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/2014\/10\/13\/lawyers-without-rights\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/69\/2014\/10\/Reichstag-Building-scaled.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/69\/2014\/10\/Reichstag-Building-scaled.jpg","width":1997,"height":2560,"caption":"Reichstag Building on fire"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/2014\/10\/13\/lawyers-without-rights\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Legal Injustice: The Lawyers Without Rights Exhibit"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/#website","url":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/","name":"Holocaust Education","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/#organization","name":"Holocaust Education","url":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/69\/2026\/03\/MasterBrand_000-scaled-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/69\/2026\/03\/MasterBrand_000-scaled-1.png","width":2560,"height":435,"caption":"Holocaust Education"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/#\/schema\/person\/07406475f9aea1599e5e0ed3201dab39","name":"Marilyn Harran","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/84cd87c94424fa1869a7ed84ed02dd813837fb21516208154c90a03345cffd39?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/84cd87c94424fa1869a7ed84ed02dd813837fb21516208154c90a03345cffd39?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/84cd87c94424fa1869a7ed84ed02dd813837fb21516208154c90a03345cffd39?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Marilyn Harran"},"url":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/author\/harran\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/315","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/233"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=315"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/315\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1109,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/315\/revisions\/1109"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/316"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=315"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=315"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/holocaust-education\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=315"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}