{"id":6139,"date":"2016-03-21T07:00:26","date_gmt":"2016-03-21T14:00:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogschapman.wpenginepowered.com\/scst\/2016\/03\/21\/interdisciplianry-breakthroughs-3d-printing-of-functioning-bone-and-tissue\/"},"modified":"2016-03-21T07:00:26","modified_gmt":"2016-03-21T14:00:26","slug":"interdisciplianry-breakthroughs-3d-printing-of-functioning-bone-and-tissue","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/scst\/2016\/03\/21\/interdisciplianry-breakthroughs-3d-printing-of-functioning-bone-and-tissue\/","title":{"rendered":"Interdisciplianry Breakthroughs: 3D Printing of Functioning Bone and Tissue"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p><em>Throughout the year, we will be publishing essays from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.chapman.edu\/scst\/about\/message-from-dean.aspx\">Professor Andrew Lyon<\/a>\u2018s\u00a0Honors 389\u00a0course\u00a0\u201cThe\u00a0Science Blender\u201d . The first paper of the term asked students to:<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Research and summarize an example of our evolving scientific knowledge. That is, how has society\u2019s scientifically-driven \u201cconventional wisdom\u201d on a topic evolved as new scientific knowledge has come to light?\u201d<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Below is one student\u2019s essay\u00a0on the topic.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The use of 3D printing in the medical community has grown greatly since it was\u00a0introduced in a capacity outside manufacturing. Currently in medicine there are <a href=\"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007%2Fs40472-016-0088-7\">three\u00a0primary printers that produce a structure capable of supporting living cells<\/a>. The <a href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/260\/5110\/920\">most recent breakthrough<\/a>, resulting from the work of engineers, biologists, and medical\u00a0professionals, is the ability to print tissue to be used in replacement of bone, skin, and\u00a0heart valves which in turn is capable of becoming a living implant.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007%2Fs40472-016-0088-7\">This advancement<\/a> is made possible through the ability of 3D printers to produce\u00a0patient specific implants based not only on the physical dimensions of the replacement,\u00a0but also the type of tissue that will be surrounding and eventually part of this implant.<\/p>\n<p>This tissue-producing ability has a wide reach as <a href=\"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007%2Fs40137-016-0127-4\">it provides a base for other scientific\u00a0advancements<\/a> like functioning prosthetics and implantable devices composed of\u00a0completely biologic material. Many members of the scientific community continue to\u00a0work closely with manufacturing companies to develop <a href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/260\/5110\/920\">a 3D printer capable efficiently\u00a0producing biomaterials<\/a>. Most recently the SLS has been utilized to produce bone\u00a0implants that mirror the strength of traditional bones while also possessing the ability to\u00a0function as a <a href=\"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007%2Fs40472-016-0088-7\">living part of a healthy bone<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The current process of this tissue and bone production has its roots in\u00a0engineering. A 3D computer model must be custom designed, but bio printing data\u00a0allows for the process to be completed much faster than in the past. Once this blue print\u00a0is created, synthetic material and tissue blends are incorporated to produce a structure\u00a0that <a href=\"http:\/\/jama.jamanetwork.com\/article.aspx?articleid=1983687\">can serve as parts or even full organs<\/a>. Clinical trials have shown that cells and\u00a0tissue produced via 3D printing were biologically extremely similar to those <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25357157\">found in the\u00a0cartilage which it was replacing<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>These innovations carry weight across multiple disciplines, and a new discipline\u00a0may be necessary<a href=\"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007%2Fs40472-016-0088-7\"> \u201cwhere the auspices of reconstruction, wound care, immunology,\u00a0transplantation, engineering, digital design, and material science are intertwined\u2026\u201d<\/a>\u00a0The ability to print tissue is evolving rapidly meaning that extensive and invasive\u00a0surgeries could be on the decline. The introduction of the discipline could be the next step\u00a0in developing a 3D printer capable of<a href=\"http:\/\/jbioleng.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13036-015-0001-4\"> incorporating living cells into designed structures<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The benefit of incorporating these living cells when replacing an organ is the\u00a0reduced risk of organ rejection because the structure is <a href=\"http:\/\/136.142.82.187\/eng12\/Chair\/pdf\/5192.pdf\">made of healthy cells from that\u00a0individual<\/a>. This printing of tissue aims to reduce the extensive organ transplant\u00a0waiting list in the future. While the printing of complex and complete organs has not yet\u00a0been achieved, the ability to <a href=\"http:\/\/136.142.82.187\/eng12\/Chair\/pdf\/5192.pdf\">print pieces such as functioning aortic heart valves<\/a> is a\u00a0leap forward from traditional organ repairs and replacements. The variability of cells\u00a0present in a structure is currently the true limiting factor in 3D printing, but the printing of\u00a0living tissue looks to provide insight to solve some of these road blocks.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Student Essay from the HON 389 Science Blender Course<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":478,"featured_media":6146,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"custom_author_name":"Bailey Jones","chapman_pin_hero_slider":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6139","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science-blender"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Schmid College of Science and Technology | Chapman Blogs<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/scst\/2016\/03\/21\/interdisciplianry-breakthroughs-3d-printing-of-functioning-bone-and-tissue\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Interdisciplianry Breakthroughs: 3D Printing of Functioning Bone and Tissue - Schmid College of Science and Technology\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Student Essay from the HON 389 Science Blender Course\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/scst\/2016\/03\/21\/interdisciplianry-breakthroughs-3d-printing-of-functioning-bone-and-tissue\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Schmid College of Science and Technology\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-03-21T14:00:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/scst\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/64\/2016\/04\/527177486_1280x720.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"720\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"M. 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