{"id":6506,"date":"2016-10-11T12:00:43","date_gmt":"2016-10-11T19:00:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogschapman.wpenginepowered.com\/scst\/2016\/10\/11\/the-first-great-migration\/"},"modified":"2016-10-11T12:00:43","modified_gmt":"2016-10-11T19:00:43","slug":"the-first-great-migration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/scst\/2016\/10\/11\/the-first-great-migration\/","title":{"rendered":"Science Blender &#124; The First Great Migration"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p><i>Periodically,\u00a0<\/i><em>we publish essays from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.chapman.edu\/scst\/about\/message-from-dean.aspx\">Professor Andrew Lyon<\/a>\u2018s\u00a0Honors 389\u00a0course\u00a0\u201cThe\u00a0Science Blender\u201d, which is the basis for <a href=\"http:\/\/www.chapman.edu\/scst\/undergraduate\/grand-challenges-initiative.aspx\">Schmid College\u2019s Grand Challenges\u00a0Initiative<\/a>. In HON 389, students are \u00a0asked to reflect on different\u00a0aspects\u00a0of tackling\u00a0a grand challenge. In this essay, student\u2019s were asked to research and analyze an interdisciplinary breakthrough of their\u00a0choosing.<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Life stays in motion. We as humans kept our natural intuitions and instincts to stay together, to socialize, and to depend on one another. These characteristics have stayed constant through the ages. The prevailing theory among scientists is that everything human originated on the continent of Africa between 156,000 and 200,000 years ago. Genetic and archeological evidence suggest that migrations of modern humans out of Africa began at least 100,000 years ago. And the wave of migration from Africa steadily spilled out to the entire globe for tens of thousands of years. However, most humans outside of Africa have likely descended from other human groups who left the continent more recently, from 40,000 and 70,000 years ago <a href=\"http:\/\/science.howstuffworks.com\/life\/evolution\/africa-cradle-humanity1.htm\">[2]<\/a>. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As a scientist, you have to ask: why did they leave? Wouldn&#8217;t the first humans stem from where the conditions were most desirable for human life? One would assume that natural instinct tells a species to find the most favorable conditions for survival. But somehow humans ended up in the northern state of Alaska, and in the tundra-ridden Russia, where survival takes more energy than in other places around the globe.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A major recent scientific breakthrough that encompasses the fields of geography, anthropology, and genetics has surfaced. According to researchers at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, the first humans that originated on the continent of Africa were coaxed into migrating up the Arabian Peninsula because of the Earth\u2019s rotation. The change in rotation caused a dramatic modification to weather patterns that forced the human ancestors to leave Africa. The Earth\u2019s weather patterns are dependent on the rotation of the earth and every 21,000 years the Earth experiences slight changes in orbital and rotational patterns called the Milankovitch cycles <a href=\"http:\/\/www.livescience.com\/56188-humans-left-africa-due-to-earth-wobbles.html\">[1]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The researchers developed a computer simulation that tracked these changes in orbit and solar radiation and how they affected rainfall, temperature, sea levels, glacial ice, vegetation, carbon dioxide levels, and global modern human migration patterns over the past 125,000 years. Research tells the scientists that heavy rainfall in the northern Arabian Peninsula made that area habitable for humans. This model also suggests that modern humans should have arrived nearly simultaneously in southern China and Europe about 80,000 to 90,000 years ago <a href=\"http:\/\/www.livescience.com\/56188-humans-left-africa-due-to-earth-wobbles.html\">[1]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This discovery is recent, and is significant because the effect that Earth\u2019s wobble had played a huge role in humans\u2019 dispersal across the planet and most likely also played a big role in our evolution and adaptation. Climates and geographies shaped us, and as always, Mother Nature had decided our fate.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>References:<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[1] <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Choi CQ. Earth Wobbles May Have Driven Ancient Humans Out of Africa[Internet]. LiveScience. 2016 Sep 21 [cited 2016 Sep 22]. Available from<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.livescience.com\/56188-humans-left-africa-due-to-earth-wobbles.html\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">http:\/\/www.livescience.com\/56188-humans-left-africa-due-to-earth-wobbles.html<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[2] <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lamb R. Is Africa the cradle of humanity?[Internet] HowStuffWorks. 2009 May 11 [cited 2016 Sep 22]. Available from <a href=\"http:\/\/science.howstuffworks.com\/life\/evolution\/africa-cradle-humanity1.htm\">http:\/\/science.howstuffworks.com\/life\/evolution\/africa-cradle-humanity1.htm<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Student Essay from the HON 389 Science Blender Course<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1715,"featured_media":6507,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"custom_author_name":"Alex Alvertos","chapman_pin_hero_slider":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[21],"class_list":["post-6506","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science-blender","tag-grand-challenges-initiative"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Schmid College of Science and Technology | Chapman Blogs<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/scst\/2016\/10\/11\/the-first-great-migration\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Science Blender &#124; 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