{"id":86,"date":"2016-11-23T19:38:45","date_gmt":"2016-11-23T19:38:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogschapman.wpenginepowered.com\/undergraduate-excellence\/2016\/11\/23\/profiles-mary-howard\/"},"modified":"2026-07-20T06:23:35","modified_gmt":"2026-07-20T06:23:35","slug":"profiles-mary-howard","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/undergraduate-excellence\/2016\/11\/23\/profiles-mary-howard\/","title":{"rendered":"Profiles: Mary Howard"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_102\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-102\" style=\"width: 120px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-102 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/undergraduate-excellence\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2016\/10\/mary-headshot-sized.png\" alt=\"mary-headshot-sized\" width=\"120\" height=\"150\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-102\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">SURF fellow Mary-Jean Howard<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What does it mean to \u201cown\u201d something? What is property, really? Those are questions that drove Economics major Mary-Jean Howard (\u201917) through the summer of 2016. Mary was one the sixteen students selected for OURCA\u2019s prestigious Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowships (SURF) program. This intensive, ten-week program offers financial support to fellows so that they can focus on their research and creative activity, while working closely with a faculty expert in the field. Throughout SURF, Mary worked with her mentors, Dr. Bart Wilson and Dr. Jan Osborn.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">She first met her mentors in the<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.chapman.edu\/research-and-institutions\/economic-science-institute\/academics-research\/humanomics.aspx\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Humanomics<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> class and grew fascinated by the interdisciplinary work that mixed economics with the humanities. \u201cHumanomics creates a community on campus,\u201d Mary said. One of her favorite aspects of Chapman University is the friendly campus in which supportive intellectual and creative relationships between professors and students thrive.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_104\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-104\" style=\"width: 271px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-104\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/undergraduate-excellence\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2016\/11\/Session14-01.jpg\" alt=\"session14-01\" width=\"271\" height=\"181\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-104\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">2002 Nobel laureate in Economic Sciences Dr. Vernon Smith, SURF fellow Mary Howard, and Chapman student\/research partner Trent Gerdeman.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mary\u2019s experiment sprung from the ideas presented in Wilson\u2019s paper \u201cThe Meaning of Property and Things,\u201d and from a well-known court case, The Case of the Swans. In the late 1500s, a noblewoman took the Crown to court over the right to wild swans living in her pond. Propelled by her mentor\u2019s work and this case of fowl play, Mary grew fascinated by the idea of property, saying it \u201cis like an extension of yourself. But how can you have property \u2018in\u2019 something?\u201d She set off to explore not the legal understanding of property but, rather, how people understand \u201cproperty as a moral custom.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u00a0Her SURF project focused on how humans understand property across a variety of disciplines. Working with the Economic Science Institute (ESI), Mary studied past papers and experiments, taking note of how people communicated in chat logs and how cooperative they were. When studying the decision-making process, Mary noticed that, even when experiment directions didn\u2019t explicitly use terms like \u201csteal\u201d or \u201cselfish,\u201d the participants repeatedly used these terms. This opened up the understanding of what property is and how it\u2019s tied to the ideas of good\/bad and right\/wrong.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Now that she\u2019s completed SURF, Mary\u2019s next step is to design a laboratory experiment with ESI, integrating economics, linguistics, law, and a dash of philosophy to explicitly explore these relationships.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_105\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-105\" style=\"width: 270px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-105\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.chapman.edu\/undergraduate-excellence\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2016\/11\/Session14-03.jpg\" alt=\"session14-03\" width=\"270\" height=\"180\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-105\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Faculty mentors: Dr. Bart Wilson and Dr. Jan Osborn.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Think you\u2019d like to be a subject in a future experiment? Mary urges Chapman students to<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.experiments.chapman.edu\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to participate in experiments with the ESI.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you\u2019re a student and would like to learn more about <a href=\"http:\/\/www.chapman.edu\/research-and-institutions\/office-undergraduate-research-creative-activity\/funding-opportunities\/surf-program.aspx\">SURF<\/a> or about other ways to fund your own research or creative project, head over<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.chapman.edu\/research-and-institutions\/office-undergraduate-research-creative-activity\/index.aspx\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">to OURCA\u2019s site<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to see all of our funding opportunities!<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A SURF alum talks the elusive nature of owning something<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1556,"featured_media":137,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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